bikbok -
1. nothing but表示“只有,只不过”,含肯定意义。例如:
· We could see nothing but water. 我们只看见一大片水。
·She does nothing but listen to records. 她除了听唱片什么也不做。
2. can / could not...enough意为“无论怎么都不够”,表示强烈的肯定。例如:
·I cannot thank you enough. 我对你感激不尽。
·You can"t be careful enough. 你越小心越好。
3.can / could not...too
can / could never ...too表示“无论怎样也不过分”。例如:
·You cannot be too careful when crossing the street. 穿越马路时,再怎么小心也不为过。
·You can never be too careful in performing an experiment. 做实验越仔细越好。
4. never too...to是对too...to的再否定,表示肯定。例如:
· It"s never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老。
It is never too late to give up prejudices. 放弃偏见永远不晚。
5.not … without … 没有……就没有;在这个句型中，使用两个否定，用来加强语气，表示肯定意义。例如：
·One cannot live even a few minutes without air. 没有空气，人们甚至连几分钟也不能生存。
·They couldn"t have completed their task on time without your help. 有你们的帮助，他们才按时完成了任务。
注意： too … not to …和 never (not) too … to …这类双重否定的句型，也表示肯定意义。例如：
·The boy is too clever not to work out this maths problem. 这个男孩很聪明，不会解不出这道数学题。
6. nothing if not表示“极其”,含强烈的肯定意义。例如:
· He was nothing if not clever. 他很聪明。
· The story was nothing if not interesting. 故事极其有趣。
7. nothing less than表示“完全是”,有肯定的含义。例如:
· What he said was nothing less than a lie. 他说的纯属谎言。
· His negligence was nothing less than criminal. 他的粗心大意无异于犯罪。
8.too...not to表示“太……不会不……”,具有肯定意义。例如:
· He is too careful not to have noticed it. 他那么小心,一定会注意到这一点的。
His speech was too good not to stir the audience. 他的演讲太好了，不会不使观众轰动。
He is too foolish not to say it. 他那么傻，不会不把这事说出来。
注意：若把否定词放到前面not too … to 表示这并不太……所以能。
He is not too old to do it. 他做这件事，年龄并不
9. no的否定意义很强,和具有否定意义的名词连用,来表示强烈的肯定。例如:
·She is no fool. (She is very clever.) 她绝不是傻瓜。
·There is no question that Mr. Smith is the boss. 毫无疑问,史密斯先生就是老板。
10.双重否定表示强烈的肯定。否定+否定=肯定，加强句子的肯定语气，这样的双重否定句被称之为肯定型双重否定句。例如:
Nobody had nothing to eat. =Everyone has something to eat. 每个人都有吃的。
I cannot/never see the film without being moved to tears”
“I will never be unmoved when ever I see the film。
=Whenever I see the film, I will be moved to tears.
John is not unable to do it. 约翰还是挺能干的。
双重否定表肯定的句型分类
1)谓语否定+状语否定
在这种双重否定结构中，谓语否定主要指“never+实义动词”或“操作词+not+实义动
词”;状语否定指“介词+名词/动名词”，要么介词否定，要么名词或动名词否定，而介词否定的形式多表现为一个词，即without。例如：
① You cannot make egg rolls with out breaking eggsue010不打破鸡蛋，就无法做出蛋卷来。
(即：有失才有得。)
② He will not do it for nothingue010他不会无缘无故做这件事。(他做这件事定有企图。)
③ She never came with out reporting some fresh instance of Wickham"s extravagance or
irregularity她每一次来的时候，都会讲些有关威克瀚姆豪华奢侈生活的新鲜事。
2)主语否定+状语否定
主语否定指主语常由no-word(比如no+名词、nobody、none、nothing、noone等，这些词被称之为绝对否定词)来担当，或主语由not来否定。
① In some countries no major business is carried on without eye contact, requiring face-to-face conversationue010 在有些国家，一切公事都要面对面地进行，需要当面交谈。
② There is no success without hardships 没有磨难，就没有胜利。(不经历风雨，怎能见彩虹。)
③ None of us will leave school without learning any thingue010我们毕业时定会学有所成。
④ Not a student has access to the library without showing his student cardue010不出示学生证，就进入不了图书馆。
3)主语否定+谓语否定
① Nobody does not believe in himue010人人相信他。(无人不信他。)
② Not many students will not succeed in passing the examue010大多数同学会通过考试。
4)谓语否定+宾语否定
① I do not have nothing to sayue010我有话要说。
② We can"t afford not to believe the missile attack我们不得不相信这导弹袭击是真的。
5)主语否定+宾语否定
① No one has nothing to contribute to societyue010人人对社会都有贡献。
② Nobody has no access to the sporting facilitiesue010人人都可以使用这些体育器材。
6)主语否定+补语否定
补语覆盖面很广，包括名词、介词、形容词、副词、代词、分词以及不定式等等，这些词本身可以是否定形式(比如代词nothing、nobody等)，也可以被否定词修饰(比如not+补语)，也可指那些含有否定词缀的形式(比如形容词、分词的否定词缀等)。
① Nothing is nothing at allue010没有一件事是微不足道的。(凡事都有重要性。)
② No smoking is harmlessue010吸烟有害健康。
③ No place is left unexploitedue010到处都已被开发。
7)否定词+否定意义的动词/名词/形容词/副词
英语中有许多词语虽没有被否定词修饰或不含否定词缀，但它们的意义却完全可能是否定的，这样的词和否定词连用时也会构成双重否定。
① We don"t doubt that he will succeed in carrying out the experimentue010
我们相信他会做好这个实验。
② There is no denying the fact that your action has affected her normal lifeue010
不可否认，你的行为已经影响了她的正常生活。
③ Comrade Lei Feng was not reluctant to help othersue010雷锋同志非常乐于助人。
④ For all his years, he is none the less vigorous and activeue010
他虽年老，但仍然生气勃勃，精力旺盛。
8)主句否定+从句否定
前面提到的都是特指简单句中的双重否定句的情况。很明显，英语中主从句的双重否定形式也是普遍存在的。而主从句双重否定的两个否定词分别出现在主句和从句中。主句否定时常借助于一般否定词(即not)或绝对否定词(如no，nothing，nobody，never等);从句否定时同样也可借助于一般否定词或绝对否定词，但也可以使用一些含有否定含义的连词，如until，unless等，或是否定含义的准关系代词but。
① In the neighborhood there is nobody who does not know meue010在这儿，我绝对是个名人。
② I never read novels that don"t appeal to meue010我从不看不感兴趣的小说。
③ You cannot take the books away unless you get the special permission from the deanue010
除非你有系主任的特批，否则你不能把书借走。
④ There is no rule but has exceptionsue010任何规则都有例外。
11.not...until / till表示“直到……才”,具有肯定的意义。
not … until … 直到……才…;在这个句型中， until 可作介词，也可作连词。作介词时，后接名词、代词或短语;作连词时，后接句子。 not 后面接非延续性动词。例如：
She didn"t stop working until 12 o"clock last night. 昨晚12点以前,她一直在不停地工作。
The bus didn"t leave until all the seats were taken. 直到车上坐满了乘客，汽车才开走。
People take no thought of the value of time until they lose it.人们失去时间后才知道时间的价值
He did not go to bed until his mother came back. 直到他母亲回来他才睡觉。
not … until … 也可用于强调句型和倒装句式中。例如：
It was not until this morning that he finished the work. 直到今天上午，他才完成那项工作。
It was not until the next day that I knew that truth. 直到第二天我才知道*。
12.“否定词 + so + adj. / adv. + as”结构,从反面表示“最”,是一种强烈的肯定。例如:
· It wasn"t so bad as last time! 这次不像上次那么糟!
· None is so blind as those who won"t see. 没有比视而不见的人更瞎眼的了。
13.not...for nothing中,not用来否定for nothing,从而加强了谓语的肯定意义。例如:
· He didn"t study law for nothing. 他学法律并没有白费。
·Believe me, he did not fly into such a rage for nothing. 请相信我,他勃然大怒是有原因的。
14.否定的感叹句、疑问句常表示肯定意义。例如:
· Isn"t this film interesting? 这部*难道没趣吗?
·Who doesn"t enjoy reading The Dream of the Red Mansion? 谁不喜欢看《红楼梦》呢?(人人都喜欢看《红楼梦》。)
15. 以Why don"t you...和Why not ... 开头的疑问句往往表示邀请、建议、指导等,具有肯定意义。例如:
·Why don"t you introduce her to your parents? 你为什么不把她介绍给你父母呢?
·Why not come and see me tomorrow? 明天来看我怎么样?
16. nothing (或 no + 名词) but …只有;仅仅;Nothing but=only ，表示肯定意义，后接名词、代词、不定式等。例如：
·No one but him in our class can swim across the river. 在我们班上，只有他能游过这条河。
· She could do nothing but wait here. 她只好在这时等，别无他法。
其它的否定词+but
1、not(no)…but
There is no man but has his faults. 人皆有过。
No one believes but she will succeed. 人们相信他会成功。
There is no one but knows him. 人人都认识他。
17. 祈使疑问句;否定感叹疑问句表示的肯定表示肯定意义。例如：
·Isn"t the film wonderful? 多么好的一部*啊!
Won"t you have some beer? 请喝点啤酒吧!
Won"t you sit down! 请坐呀!
Isn"t that beautiful! 多么美丽呀!
Isn"t she a sweet girl! 她多么可爱啊!
18. hardly / scarcely … when … 一(刚)……就……;在这个句型中， when 是并列连词，其前面的句子要用过去完成时，其后的句子用一般过去时。例如：
·He had hardly/scarcely arrived when it began to rain. 他一到天就开始下雨了。
·Hardly/Scarcely had he arrived when it began to rain. 他一到天就开始下雨了。
We had scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang. 我们刚到学校铃声就响了。
He had scarcely escaped when he was recaptured.他刚逃掉就被逮住了。
He had hardly arrived when she started complaining.他刚一到, 她就开始抱怨起来。
19.no sooner … than … 一(刚)……就……;在这个结构中， no sooner 位于主句中，主句用过去完成时， than 引导状语从句，从句用一般过去时。例如：
·No sooner had they got to the theatre than the concert began. 他们刚跨进剧院，音乐会就开始了。
20. can + not + be + 形容词 + enough/can not + 动词原形 + too much ( highly )越……越好;无论怎样也不过分;在这个句型中， not 可用 never 来替代。例如：
·He is a hero. We can not praise him too much (highly)。他是英雄，我们无论怎样赞扬他也不过分。
21. 否定词+比较级( 相当于级), 常见的句型是：have never + 过去分词 + 比较级最……;再没有比……更…;该句型从反面表示“最……”的概念。例如：
·We have never seen a more interesting film than this one = This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. 这部*是我们看过的最有趣的*。
I couldn"t agree more. 我非常同意。
Nothing is more valuable than health. 健康是最宝贵的。
22. can"t (help) but … 只好;不得不;必然;在这个结构中， help 可省略， but 后面接不带 to 的不定式。例如：
·He can"t (help) but admit that he was wrong. 他只好承认自己是错了。
23. can"t help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事
· Hearing the joke， we couldn"t help laughing. 听了这个笑话，我情不自禁地笑了起来。
24. not + 含否定意义的词缀的词。例如：
· It is not uncommon for a great scholar to be ignorant in everyday affairs. 一个伟大的学者，对日常事务无知，这种情况并不罕见。
25.有些带否定词的短语,在使用时并不构成否定意义,即表示肯定意义。例如:
· He would go as soon as not. 他非常乐意去。
·As often as not the buses are late on foggy days. 遇多雾天气时,公共汽车经常晚点。
26. not a little意为 “很,很多”
He is not a little tired. 他非常累。
He has not a little experience. 他有着丰富的经验
27. more often than not意为 “常常,往往”
John is a good swimmer. He wins more often than not.约翰是个游泳健将,他常常在比赛中获奖。
The street is crowded more often than not. 这条大街常常很拥挤。
28. cannot wait 后跟不定式， 意为“急于做”，表示强调的肯定
I couldn"t wait to see her. 我渴望见到她。
I cannot wait to read the book. 我非常渴望读到这本书。
29. never (not)…but (that) 意为 “每当……, 总是……, 没有哪次不是……”。
I never see you but I think of my mother. 每当看见你时,我总是想起我的母亲。
He will not be angry but that he is offended. 人们惹了他他才会生气。
30.not long before 意为“不久……就……”
It was not long before he appeared. 他不久就出现了。
It won"t be long before we meet again.用不了多久我们就会再见面的。
It wasn"t long before she became a brave solider. 没过多久她就成了一名勇敢的战士。
31. more often than not意为 “常常,往往”
John is a good swimmer. He wins more often than not.约翰是个游泳健将,他常常在比赛中获奖。
The street is crowded more often than not. 这条大街常常很拥挤。
32.“否定词+ 比较级 + than”结构
At this time of year, there is nowhere better than the unspoilt countryside of South Shropshire. (P29)
在每年的这个时候，没有什么地方比未经破坏的南希罗普郡的乡村风光更好的了。
本句中的nowhere better than表示“再……不过”。这是比较级的一种特殊用法，否定词与形容词或副词比较级连用表示级。 要掌握该结构的用法 ，我们应注意以下两点：
1.用于该结构中的否定词有：not, no, never, nothing等。例如：
This could give her no greater pleasure.
这使她再高兴不过了。
I have never spent a more worrying day.
我从没有过比这更心烦的日子。
There"s nothing cheaper. 这东西再便宜不过了。
2.该结构还可以用“can"t / couldn"t + 比较级”的形式。例如：
I can"t agree with you more. 我再同意不过了。
(或：我完全同意你的意见。)
The weather couldn"t be worse.
天气再糟糕不过了。
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